كيف حول المسلمون سرًا عسكريًا صينيًا لثورة مذهلة هزت العالم؟

أودو نظام متكامل لإدارة الأعمال، فيه أكتر من 45 تطبيق بيغطوا ويخدموا كل احتياجاتك..

لو عايز تدير شغلك بشكل أسهل وأذكى.. جرب أودو دلوقتي بدون تسجيل من الرابط
https://www.odoo.com/r/XJCr
#Odoo #OdooMENA #OdooCreatorsClub
----------------------------

العالم قبل الورق كان حاجة يا جماعة، وبعده حاجة تانية خالص..عمل ثورات علمية وعالمية، وبنى إمبراطوريات..

عمل في القرن الثامن الميلادي نفس اللي عمله الإنترنت في القرن العشرين بالظبط.. كان هو السلاح السري للبشرية..

القصة دي، بطلها مش مُخترع الورق، ولكن بطلها اللي حول الاختراع من سر عسكري صيني، لثورة عالمية غيرت وجه الدنيا..

مين بقى اللي عمل الثورة دي؟

مين اللي أخد من أقصى شرق آسيا تكنولوجيا سرية محتكرة وحولها لصناعة عالمية غيرت مسار البشرية؟

الإجابة المدهشة: المسلمين..

للرعاية ودعم القناة
ashrafibrahim55@gmail.com


المخبر_الاقتصادي#

المصادر:

كتاب Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World
https://yalebooks.yale.edu/boo....k/9780300089554/pape


Paper before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World (review )
https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/40145/summary

The Beginning of the Paper Industry
https://muslimheritage.com/paper-industry/

The Rise of an Industry: Papermaking
https://www.1001inventions.com/paper/

How a Silk Road Conflict Made Paper Global
https://prateekdg.substack.com..../p/papers-epic-journ

The Battle of Talas
https://www.medievalists.net/2020/02/battle-talas/

Trade and Commerce During the Islamic Golden Age
https://www.reviewofreligions.....org/41191/trade-and-

How Islamic Civilization Quietly Influenced Europe's Economic Foundations
https://medium.com/@kholilelra....hman748/how-islamic-

Continental Bureaucratic Empire: The Culture Of Power And Governance Under the Abbasids https://www.thefridaytimes.com..../08-Jan-2023/contine

Transaction Costs Theory - an overview
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....topics/social-scienc

Definition, Types, and Transaction Cost Economics
https://corporatefinanceinstit....ute.com/resources/ec

Samarkand paper
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand_paper

The Battle That Brought Paper to Islam — How Samarkand Changed History
https://medium.com/islamic-reu....nion-of-thoughts-iro

The mills of Samarkand https://rhollick.wordpress.com..../2024/03/04/the-mill

Samarkand Paper
https://bukharicreative.group/blog/samarkand-paper

Paper in Samarkand
https://engines.egr.uh.edu/episode/1456

Industries and crafts in Baghdad during the second Abbasid era https://medcraveonline.com/JHA....AS/industries-and-cr

Islam: Empire of Faith - Innovative - Paper & Publishing
https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/innopaper.html

Did You Know? The Importance of Paper Making Technology & Cultural Exchange Along Silk Roads
https://en.unesco.org/silkroad..../content/did-you-kno

The Transformative Influence of Paper in Islam and Its Impact on European Renaissance
https://medium.com/@howtomusli....mnow/the-transformat

Revolution by the Ream: A History of Paper
https://archive.aramcoworld.co....m/issue/199903/revol

Maya Shatzmiller — "The Adoption of Paper in the Middle East, 700–1300 AD"
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26572311

Maya Shatzmiller — "An Early Knowledge Economy: The Adoption of Paper, Human Capital and Economic Change in the Medieval Islamic Middle East, 700–1300 AD"
https://ideas.repec.org/p/ucg/wpaper/0064.html

Şevket Pamuk & Maya Shatzmiller — "Plagues, Wages, and Economic Change in the Islamic Middle East, 700–1500"
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24550555

Douglass C. North — Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
https://www.cambridge.org/core..../books/institutions-

Douglass C. North — "Institutions, Transaction Costs and Economic Growth"
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.

Hyunhee Park — Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia.
https://www.culturaldiplomacy.....org/academy/pdf/rese

كتاب "الفهرست" لابن النديم
كتاب "لطائف المعارف" لأبي منصور الثعالبي